Research in Community and Public Health Nursing

Ae Young So

19 Articles

Factors Influencing Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life among Elderly Women in Home Visiting Healthcare Services: Ae Young So, Sun Ah Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2021;32(3):243-253. Published online September 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2021.32.3.243

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Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence and the quality of life among elderly adult women who are subject to home visiting healthcare services.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 400 women aged 60 or over who were registered for home health care services at one health center in Gangwon-do. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of UI severity, UI type, and the quality of life. The UI severity was assessed using International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF), the quality of life using Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL), and type of UI using Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis (QUID). The data were analyzed by using x² test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation, binary logistic, and multiple lineal regression.
Results
The prevalence of UI is 51.7%. The mean score of ICIQ-SF was 9.70±4.04 for women with UI and 0.04±0.51 for women without UI (t=-33.67, c<.001). As the frequency of day time urination (OR=1.34), the subjective health status (OR=1.45), and the educational status (OR=0.90) were higher, the risk of UI prevalence was the higher. The factors affecting I-QOL were ICIQ-SF score, mixed UI, subjective health status, and nighttime urination (adjusted R² =.61).
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that UI severity, mixed UI, subjective health status, and day time urination affected the quality of life. It suggests that the assessment for the severity and type of UI be needed to prevent UI or improve the quality of life of UI vulnerable elderly adult women.

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A Multisite Study on the Effect of a Urinary Incontinence Self-Management Program on Community-Dwelling Older Women in Korea
Sunah Park, Aeyoung So
Journal of Wound, Ostomy & Continence Nursing.2024; 51(1): 61. CrossRef

Influencing Factors on the Urinary Incontinence Related Quality of Life in Older Rural Women Aged 60 or Over: Ae Young So, Sun Ah Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2019;30(2):109-118. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.2.109

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the quality of life among community-dwelling older women with urinary incontinence (UI).
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 475 women aged 60 or over who were recruited from 10 primary health care facilities in rural Korea. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic, health-related, and UI-related characteristics. The quality of life was assessed using Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL). SPSS/WIN 23.0 program was used to analyze descriptive statistics, Ï‡2 test, t-test, ANOVA, Pearsonâ€™s Correlation, and hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
Of 475 subjects, 180 (37.9%) had urinary incontinence. The mean scores of I-QOL of women with and without UI were 76.87 and 94.77, respectively. The results of hierarchical regression analysis show that the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis total score was the greatest influencing factor, followed by age and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form total score.
CONCLUSION
The study revealed that factors related to UI symptoms are more likely to have impact on the quality of life in women with UI. It suggests that early detection or management of UI is important in improving the quality of life of women with UI.

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Factors Influencing Urinary Incontinence Quality of Life among Elderly Women in Home Visiting Healthcare Services
Aeyoung So, Sunah Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2021; 32(3): 243. CrossRef
Experience of Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women in Urban Areas
Min Ryu, Haeyun Shin, Miseon Bang, Suhye Kwon
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2021; 23(3): 213. CrossRef

Depression and Cognitive Function of the Community-dwelling Elderly: Seong Ok Seo, Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2016;27(1):1-8. Published online March 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.1.1

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the depression and cognitive function of community-dwelling older adults.
METHODS
243 aged over 65 in Won-Ju in South Korea participated in this study. Data were collected from April to June 2013 through interviews. This study utilized the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form, the Korean version of MMSE-DS (MMSE for Dementia Screening), and infirmity testing for basic health status. Descriptive statistics, Ï‡2, t-test, ANOVA, ScheffÃ©'s test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used.
RESULTS
75.3% of the participants belonged to the depression group, and the prevalence of cognitive impairment was 17.3%. There were significant differences in depression and cognitive function according to gender, educational level, type of insurance, subjective health, frailty, and whether to be a client of home care service. The level of depression was significantly higher and the level of cognitive functions was significantly lower in older adults in home care services than in community-dwelling older adults.
CONCLUSION
This study is meaningful in that it included older adults in home care services to provide information to develop effective prevention programs for improving cognitive functions. The results of this study can be used to develop future community prevention and intervention.

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Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: An Analysis of Data from the Eighth Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging 2020
Mijung Cho
Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(2): 236. CrossRef
A Study on the Longitudinal Relationship between Changes in Depression and Cognitive Function among Older Adults Living Alone
Soyoung Park, Kyuhyoung Jeong, Seoyoon Lee
Healthcare.2023; 11(20): 2712. CrossRef
Gender differences in the association between multimorbidity and depression in older Korean adults: an analysis of data from the National Survey of Older Koreans (2011-2017)
SeoYeon Hwang, Jin Young Nam, Jeong Hyun Ahn, Soojin Park
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022049. CrossRef
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Cognitive Function and Related Factors in Older Adults Using a Multilevel Growth Model
Eunha Jo, Jee Eun Sung, Youngmee Lee
Communication Sciences & Disorders.2021; 26(3): 601. CrossRef
Effects of Cognition, Daily-living Stress, and Health-promotion Behavior on Subjective Memory Complaints by Community-dwelling Elders
Eun Hee Hwang, Kon Hee Kim
Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2019; 21(3): 135. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depressive Symptoms among Korean Older Adults with Chronic Illnesses: Using the 2014 National Survey on Older Adults
Sujin Shin, Eunhee Hwang
Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2018; 30(6): 577. CrossRef
Risk Factors to Cognitive Function and Life Satisfaction in Elderly Living Alone
Jee Young Lee
Stress.2018; 26(4): 259. CrossRef
The Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium on Cognitive Function and Depression in the Elderly Living in a City
Yu-Jin Lee, Yun-Su Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2017; 28(3): 251. CrossRef
Converged Factors Influencing Depression of Community Dwelling Elderly
Jong-Wook Lee
Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(5): 237. CrossRef
Effects of a Cognitive Improvement Program on Cognition, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Depression, Life Satisfaction, and Grasping Power in Small Groups
Seo Young Kang, Chong Mi Lee
Journal of muscle and joint health.2016; 23(3): 169. CrossRef

The Effect of a Workshop on a Urinary Incontinence Self-Management Teaching Program for Community Health Nurses: Ae Young So, Jennie C De Gagne, Sun Ah Park, Young Oak Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2015;26(3):260-267. Published online September 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.260

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the workshop on the nurses' knowledge about urinary incontinence (UI) self-management, attitudes toward UI, and self-efficacy to plan and implement a UI self-help group program for their clients.
METHODS
A one-group pretest and posttest design was used to examine changes in knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy following a one-day training workshop. Twenty-seven community health nurses completed a questionnaire before and after the workshop. Before participating in the workshop, the participants were required to take a UI online continuing education program developed by the researchers. During the workshop, the participants took four sessions which consisted of an introduction of a self-help group program, demonstration of a 5-week UI self-management program contents, pelvic floor muscle training and biofeedback practice, and group discussions to plan the implementation in their workplaces.
RESULTS
A significant improvement in knowledge of and attitudes toward UI were found (t=3.53, p=.002; t=2.83, p=.009, respectively) after the workshop. Participants also demonstrated improvement in their self-efficacy to plan and operate a UI self-help group program (Z=-2.64, p=.008).
CONCLUSION
The one-day workshop for community health nurses is a feasible strategy to increase their abilities and confidence in operating a UI self-help group program.

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Community nurses’ attitudes, knowledge and educational needs in relation to urinary continence, continence assessment and management: A systematic review
Margaret McCann, Anne‐Marie Kelly, Jessica Eustace‐Cook, Claire Howlin, Louise Daly
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2022; 31(7-8): 1041. CrossRef

Job Competencies and Educational Needs Perceived by New Community Health Practitioners: Hyun Kyung Kim, Young Eun, Kyung Ja June, Ae Young So, Hee Gerl Kim, Mi Ran Eom, Yeon Yi Song, Eun Suk Choi, Ji Yeon Park, Hyoung Suk Kim; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2014;25(2):85-96. Published online June 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2014.25.2.85

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PURPOSE
This study was performed to identify job competencies and needs for job education perceived by new community health practitioners.
METHODS
This study used a qualitative research design. Eight new community health practitioners participated in this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS
Five job competencies were identified in this study, including primary care, public health management, interpersonal relationship, teaching and counseling, and leadership. The contents of job education that they needed were management of major symptoms and chronic diseases, understanding and prescription of medications, emergency responses and care, management of endemic diseases, planning and management of public health programs, writing official documentsand computer works, and leadership training. The learning methods they preferred were connecting theory and practice, situation- or case-based learning, skill- or practice-based learning, and increased opportunities of clinical practice.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study provided the direction of job education for new community health practitioners. Job education for new community health practitioners needs to consider the job competencies and educational needs identified in this study.

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Needs assessment of community health practitioners for community care competency of older adults
Na Bee Yoon, Hyeon Kyeong Lee, Haesun Lee, Sang Woo Park
Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 32. CrossRef
Effects of Nursing Professionalism and Job Stress on the Problem Solving Ability of Community Health Practitioners
Min Sun Song, Nam Young Yang, Jin Hak Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(3): 274. CrossRef
A Design for and Evaluation of a Critical Thinking Class for New Community Health Practitioners
Ji Yeon Park, MinGyu Seo, Hyoung Suk Kim, Kyung Hee Yoo, Kyung Ja June
The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(1): 141. CrossRef

Effects of a Clonorchiasis Prevention Education Program for Clonorchiasis Prevention Lecturers: Chun Mi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2013;24(4):398-406. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2013.24.4.398

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PURPOSE
The study was conducted to clarify effects of a clonorchiasis prevention education program for clonorchiasis prevention lecturers.
METHODS
The research adopted a single group pretest-posttest design to see effects of the educational program to prevent Clonorchis sinensis infection. The subjects of this study were 74 clonorchiasis prevention lecturers from primary health care facilities. The pretest was conducted before the clonorchiasis prevention education program and the post test was done after the 2-day program in August, 2011. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the data.
RESULTS
The confidence level in Clonorchiasis management activities was improved significantly from 4.1+/-0.53 points before the education to 4.4+/-0.46 points after the education (t=-5.117, p<.001). The knowledge level about prevention of Clonorchis sinensis was improved significantly from 16.1+/-2.72 points before the education to 18.3+/-1.14 points after the education (t=-6.629, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the education program was effective in improving the confidence and knowledge levels in Clonorchiasis management activities for the clonorchiasis prevention lecturers. Based on the results of this study, continuous research on how the increased knowledge and confidence levels of Clonorchis sinensis prevention affect the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection.

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Prevalence and Related Factors of Clonorchiasis among Five Major Riverside Residents in South Korea
Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Soon Park, Hung Sa Lee, Ji Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(4): 346. CrossRef

A Study on the Prevalence of Clonorchis Sinensis and the Effects of Educational Program among Residents in the Basin of the Youngsan River, Korea: Chun Mi Kim, Ae Young So, Kyung Ja June, Hee Young Jung; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2011;22(1):56-65. Published online March 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.1.56

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PURPOSE
The goal of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Clonorchis sinensis infection in people living within 5 km of the Youngsan River basin, to develop an educational program to prevent the infection, and to examine the effects of the educational program.
METHODS
This study employed a one group pretest-posttest design, the subjects were 384. This study was conducted from November 20, 2008 to June 16, 2009. The results were analyzed with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
Of the residents, 5.7% were infected with Clonorchis sinensis and the knowledge level about the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis was improved significantly from 9.75+/-5.12 points before the education to 15.05+/-2.43 points after the education. One of the important effects was that the willingness to eat raw fresh-water fish was reduced after the education.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, a continuous research needs to be conducted on how education and knowledge level-up change people's living attitudes for the prevention of Clonorchis sinensis infection and the reduction of the infection rate in the future.

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Status of Helminthic Infections in Residents around River Basins in the Republic of Korea for 10 Years (2011-2020)
Myoung-Ro Lee, Hee-Eun Shin, Seon-Ok Back, Young-Ju Lee, Hee-Il Lee, Jung-Won Ju
The Korean Journal of Parasitology.2022; 60(3): 187. CrossRef
A new method for estimating the prevalence of clonorchiasis in Korea
Jin-Young Jeong, Jin Yong Lee, Byung-Suk Chung, Younghyun Choi, Allison Baer Alley, Hyun Joo Kim
Medicine.2017; 96(13): e6536. CrossRef
Prevalence and Related Factors of Clonorchiasis among Five Major Riverside Residents in South Korea
Chunmi Kim, Kyung Ja June, Shin Hyeong Cho, Kyung Soon Park, Hung Sa Lee, Ji Yeon Park
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2016; 27(4): 346. CrossRef
Effects of a Clonorchiasis Prevention Education Program for Clonorchiasis Prevention Lecturers
Chunmi Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Aeyoung So
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(4): 398. CrossRef
The Effects of Case Management for Clients with Clonorchiasis in Riverside Areas
Chunmi Kim, Hee-Gerl Kim, Kyung-Ja June, Souk-Young Kim
Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2012; 23(4): 427. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Periodic Screening Behaviors for Breast Cancer among Hospital Nurses
Suk Ok Lee, Eun Soon Sim, Sukhee Ahn
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2010; 16(4): 390. CrossRef

The Effects of a Tai Chi Exercise Program for Patients with Arthritis in Rural Areas: Ae Young So, Kyung Sook Lee, Jung Sook Choi, Eun Hee Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2010;21(1):118-127. Published online March 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2010.21.1.118

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Tai-Chi exercise program on subjective health and physiological function index.
METHODS
This study was designed as non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest research. Eighteen women in each group completed the posttest with an attendance rate of 78.3 % after 12 weeks. The Tai Chi exercise program was provided two times a week over three months for the experimental group, but no program for the control group. A questionnaire was used for subjective health index, which consisted of Korean-WOMAC Index for joint stiffness, K-HAQ for physical disability, EQ-5D for quality of life and perceived health status, and CES-D for depression. To measure the effect on the physiological function index, femoral muscle strength, shoulder joint and back flexibility were measured.
RESULTS
All variables except left anterior femoral muscle strength had significant homogeneity between the two groups. There were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in joint stiffness (t=-2.165, p=.03), physical disability (t=-2.231, p=.038), EQ-5D index (t=3.783, p=.001), perceived health status (t=-2.349, p=.025) and femoral posterior muscle strength (t=2.487, p=.038).
CONCLUSION
The Tai-Chi exercise program was beneficial for women with arthritis in rural communities.

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The Effects of a Pilates Exercise Program using Self-Efficacy Sources in Elderly Women
Choon-Ji Lee, Yeon-Hee Choi
Journal of Environmental Science International.2015; 24(1): 117. CrossRef
Effect of Program Promoting Intention to Exercise Performance Based Theory of Planned Behavior in the Elderly
Jin-Soon Kim, Hye-Jin Hyun
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2015; 17(1): 1. CrossRef
The Effect of Exercise Program on Pain and Quality of Life for Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Cheonggu Yun, Changsik An
Journal of muscle and joint health.2014; 21(3): 173. CrossRef

The Effect of a Community-Based Selp-Help Management Program for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Eun Young Kim, Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2009;20(3):307-315. Published online September 30, 2009

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was done to assess the effects of a self-help intervention on clinical, lifestyle and psycho-social outcomes in patients with Type II diabetes.
METHODS
Eligible adults with Type II diabetes were randomly assigned to either the intervention group receiving the diabetes self-help or the control group receiving usual care. Of the 36 patients who completed the study, 15 were in the intervention group and 21 were in the control group. The self-help group consisted of six weekly sessions covering aspects of diabetes self-care and using continuing education, discussion, and structured social activities. Outcomes included changes in glycemic control, knowledge, self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. Analysis of covariance was used to compare outcomes between the groups, adjusting for baseline measures.
RESULTS
After the six week intervention, significant improvements from the baseline were observed in the measurements of self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life for the intervention group.
CONCLUSION
The findings provide preliminary evidence that a diabetes self-help group intervention can benefit diabetes patients in self-management behaviors, diabetes-related self-efficacy, and health-related quality of life. However, larger longitudinal studies are needed to determine the most efficacious self-management methods to sustain long-term glycemic control and psychological well-being.

Analysis of Working Time of Nurses in Urban Public Health Center Branches in South Korea.: Focused on Nurses for Visiting Health Service and Chronic Disease Management: Kyung Ja June, Hee Gerl Kim, Souk Young Kim, Ae Young So, Shin Young Sohn, Eun Ok Park; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2008;19(4):649-659. Published online December 31, 2008

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to investigate working time of nurses in urban public health center branch, especially for nurses for visiting health service and chronic disease management.
METHOD
Daily note, which was developed by this research team, was distributed to nurses at 7 urban public health center branches to be filled out them for 2 weeks during 2 month from June 2007 to August 2007. We analyzed 121 daily notes recorded by visiting nurses and 65 daily notes written by chronic disease management nurses were analyzed.
RESULTS
The total working time for visiting nurses at urban public health center branches was 589.85 minutes per day on the average. They spent 147.13 min in actual visiting nursing services, 149.36 min in documenting, 66.94 in preparing, 77.69 min in transferring, and 11.84 min in referring. The total working time for chronic disease management nurses at urban public health center branches was 582.92 minutes per day on the average. They spent 148.77 min in actual chronic disease management services, 120.62 min in documenting, 42.46 min in group education, 37.38 in preparing, and 10.38 min in referring.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended to improve documenting systems and to increase community resources linkage were recommended through the results of this study. The results of this study are expected to be used to plan staffing at urban public health center branches in the future.

The Influence of Depression, Temperament and Character of Female Adolescents on Smoking Behavior: Ggod Me Yi, Kyung Ja Jeon, Shin Young Son, Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2007;18(3):441-451. Published online September 30, 2007

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impacts of depression, temperament, and characteristic on smoking experience in the female adolescents.
METHODS
This study surveyed 691 highschool girls in the Gangwon area using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The smoking rate of the highschool girls was lower than that of the national average. Depression was observed to be seriously in the highschool girls. There were a positive correlations among smoking experience, the school records and novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were the type of school, the satisfaction with school, the school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that femalel adolescents who have the factors identified in this study are considered to have the potential for smoking. These results provide the basis for developing smoking prevention and cessation programs.

Development of a Home Care Need Assessment Tool: Focused on Home Care Nursing Diagnoses based on Self Care: Ae Young So, Byong Hee Cho; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(3):433-443. Published online September 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for home care and a Home Care Need Assessment Tool.
METHOD
1. Identifying common domains in the provision of home care. 2. Charts of 253 home care clients were reviewed to obtain a classification of the nursing diagnoses. 3. A focus group methodology was used to develop the domains. 4. The tool was applied to 439 home care clients.(Kappa value=0.460-1.000, sensitivity, 0.444-1.000; specificity, 0.743-1.000). 5. Some refinements and extractions of the defining characteristics and related factors were made based on the results of the focus group.
RESULTS
Home Care Need Assessment Tool consists of three parts; -Part : factors related to basic conditions -Part : a screening component that enables home care nurses to assess 30 multiple domains of 53 nursing diagnoses. -Part : summative nursing diagnoses and nursing need intensity for the clients.
CONCLUSION
This tool provides a comprehensive assessment that helps the recognition of many strengths as well as problems of the clients. It will be usefully utilized in scheduling home care nursing plans and evaluating client outcomes.

Validity Field Testing of Family Nursing Phenomen in Korea by the Retrospective Method of ICNP: Soon Nyung Yun, Hyun Sook Kim, Yong Suk Kwon, Kyung Min Park, Ji Hyun Lee, Young Ae Ko, Ae Young So, Soon Ok Yang, Young Im Kim, Hee Girl Kim, Jin Joo Oh, Myoung Ja Wang, Soon Lae Kim, Kyung Sook Kang, Ji Yun Lee; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2002;13(3):423-432. Published online September 30, 2002

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Abstract PDF: This study was conducted to test the validity of characteristics of family nursing phenomena in Korea identified in a previous study by Yoon, S. Y, et al.(1999). Data for this study were collected from 355 (first measurement 186, second measurement 169) nurses whose family nursing careers were more than one year using a cross sectional survey method. The distribution per one characteristic ranged between 0 to 5. The phenomena that had two or more characteristics and had a score of 3.0 points or more included 'disturbance in marital role', 'disturbance in family communication', 'inappropriate family coping', 'lack of family intimacy', 'unhealthy life style', 'deficit of financial management skill and support', 'inadequate care management sick member', and 'inadequate home-making'. The essential characteristics of the 8 phenomena presented above included 27 items. Further studies on family nursing phenomena in Korea are needed to support the evidence through surveys of families in the field. A reconfirmation study, as well as qualitative research on the low validity of the characteristics, needs to be more performed in the future.

The Influences of Visual and Hearing Impairment on Activities of Daily Living for the Community Dwelling Elderly: Eun Ok Park, Kyung Ja June, Eun Young Kim, Hee Girl Kim, Ae Young So, Ggo Me Yi; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(2):417-427. Published online September 30, 2001

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to identify the influence of visual and hearing impairment on the activities of daily living of community dwelling elderly.
METHODS
Data were collected by home visiting interviewers from 452 older people aged 65 years or older living in community. Resident Assessment Instrument MDS-HC(2.0version) was used for data collection. Data analysis for descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and multiple regression was made by SAS 6.2.
RESULTS
34.7% of the subject had hearing impairment and 64.3% had visual impairment Among IADL, one half of them were dependent in ordinary house work and meal preparation. In the case of ADL, 13.9% of subjects were dependent in bathing and 8.9% in personal hygiene. There was significant difference in IADL performance by visual and hearing impairment On the other hand, ADL performance showed the significant difference only in the case of hearing impairment. As the result of input of visual and hearing impairment in the process of regression, variances were increased from 3% to 11%.
CONCLUSIONS
Large proportions of older people living in the community have visual and hearing impairment. It could be confirmed that hearing and vision were significant factors influencing on IADL performance of older people. Intervention and support policy for elderly needs to focus on improvement of visual and hearing impairment.

Analysis on Nursing Diagnosis Classifications and Assessment Tools in Home Care: Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 2001;12(1):3-21. Published online March 31, 2001

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Abstract PDF: Nursing Diagnosis classification is needed to define nursing phenomena and set up nursing plans. The purpose of this study is to develope common nursing diagnosis by comparing and analysing nursing diagnosis classification systems and assessment tools in home care. The target home care nursing diagnosis classifications and toos are HHCC, NANDA, OMAHA, MED_HC 2.2. OASOS-B1.
Results
of this study are as follows: - The number of components of nursing diagnosis classifications and tools is HHCC 4. NANDA 9. OMAHA 4. MDA_HC2.0 6. OASIS-B1 10. - The number of common nursing diagnosis in home care is summed up 51 which are physical health 17. social health 5. psychological health 11. health related behavior 13. environment 3.

Study on Visiting Nursing Service in Primary Health Care Units: Young Ok Lim, Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1999;10(2):480-493. Published online December 31, 1999

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Abstract PDF: The visiting nursing service is an essential part of public health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the visiting nursing service in primary health service centers. The data were collected from visiting nurse records in Wonju City Health Center, Myun Health Center and Community Health Subcenters. The period of data collection was from April 6 to July 15, 1998. The major findings were as follows: 1. Characteristics of 36 service providers. 1) Age : Over 40 years old - 66.7% 2) Educational level: The proportion of registered nurses was 47.2% and nurse aids 52.8% 3) Career: The proportion of providers who worked over 11 years in Public Health Service was 7.8% 2. Characteristics of Subjects 1) The major health problems were cerebro vascular attack, hypertension, D. M., arthritis, gastrointestinal problems and psychiatric problems. The prevalence of chronic health problems increased with age, except for mental illness. 2) The prevalence of cancer was 4.3/1000. 3. Contents of Home Visiting Nursing Services. 1) The major service was education and counseling. 2) The other services were Direct Care(ROM exercise, wound care, physical therapy, basic nursing care etc,) as 56.5%, of the work involved Indirect Care(teaching, counseling, emotional support, etc,) - 30.3%, medication - 11.7%, and referral to hospitals - 1.5%

A Study on the Job Satisfaction of Visiting Nurses of Public Health Centers in Korea: Ae Young So, Eun Young Shin; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1998;9(2):262-279. Published online December 31, 1998

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Abstract PDF: The purpose of this study is to identify job satisfaction and relative factors of job satisfaction in visiting nurses in public health centers. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from May 1 to June 25, 1997. The subjects were 384 visiting nurses of public health centers in Korea. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Job satisfaction of Visiting Nurses was measured by a 5 point rating scale, the whole mean score was 3.08. The level of job prestige was highest among the six components of job satisfaction. The mean score of job perception was 4.05. 2. The factor affecting job satisfaction were job status, educational level and the number of visits home a month. 3. Factors affecting job perception were whether or not they had other certificates, whether they were educated about visiting nursing, and the status of these nurses. 4. Job perception and Job satisfaction had a significant correlation.

Community diagnosis of health life style in the maternal community: A project for maternal & child health at Ban Nong Loob division in Thailand: Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1994;5(2):227-235. Published online December 31, 1994

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

A Study on the Knowledge, and Attitude of Health Examination of Industrial Workers: In Kangwon Province: Ae Young So; J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs. 1993;4(2):117-130. Published online December 31, 1993

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Abstract PDF: There has been a rapid growth in Korea since 1962 because of the success of the 5-year Economic Plan. The number of industrial work and workers has also made had a rapid increase. Consequently, the management of occupational health for the purpose of promoting health in industrial workers is needed especially in the health examination program. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Knowledge, and Attitude among industrial workers of health examination programs. The target population was 402 industrial workers from 4 factories in Kangwon province. A survey was conducted to collect data by a self administered questionnaire from October 29 to November 5. A sixty four item questionnaire was designed to collect data concerning Knowledge, and Attitude of health examination of industrial workers. The data was analyzed by means of percentage, mean, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient. The major findings were as follows : 1. The respondents presented the following picture : The male population was 88%. 57% of respondents were age 25-34 years old. 69.4% of respondents were married. 73.4% of respondents were high school graduates. 80.8% of the respondents were working over 48 hours per week. The respondents with over 10 years on the job were 31.9% of the respondents. Health examination were given to the respondents as: pre-employment health examination 90.5%, general health examination 91.5%, and special health examination 31.5%. 2. The Knowledge level was different in health examination items. 80.5% of respondents had knowledge about hearing test, body weight, visually, chest X-ray like simple things. Below 50% of respondents had knowledge of urine test, liver function test, and career history. 3. Attitude status about health examination showed an average score 36.5(median 33) of satisfaction, 26.93(median 21) of importance, 13.84 (median 21) of content, 10.46(median 12 of reliability on health examination results. 4. The level of Attitude on health examination was significantly different than the Knowledge level. 5. The relationship among stated variables such as satisfaction, the perceptions of importance on health, health examination, the result and follow up after health examination were shown to reflect neither positively nor negatively on each other.

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